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North America

United States

The world's largest employment-based immigration market — built around employer sponsorship and family ties.

Annual green cards
~1,000,000
H-1B annual cap
85,000
F-1 students enrolled
1.1 million+
EB-5 minimum investment
USD 800,000 (TEA)

Why United States?

The United States issues roughly 1 million new permanent residencies (green cards) per year, but with strict per-country caps and decade-long backlogs for some nationalities. Non-immigrant visas dominate everyday mobility: H-1B for specialty workers, F-1 for students, L-1 for intra-company transferees, and the B-1/B-2 for visitors. Most permanent residency pathways still require employer sponsorship or a qualifying family relationship.

How the immigration system works

U.S. immigration is administered by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), with consular processing handled by the Department of State and border admission by Customs and Border Protection (CBP). Permanent residency works through employment-based (EB-1 through EB-5), family-based (immediate relatives and preference categories), and the Diversity Visa lottery. Non-immigrant visas are role-specific and almost all require a U.S. petitioner or sponsor.

Who United States is best for

  • Highly skilled workers sponsored by a U.S. employer (H-1B, O-1, L-1)
  • Researchers, professors and 'extraordinary ability' applicants (EB-1, O-1)
  • International students pursuing degrees with OPT/STEM-OPT work options
  • Immediate family of U.S. citizens (spouse, parents, unmarried children)
  • Investors with USD 800,000 – 1,050,000 to deploy under EB-5

Visa pathways

13 pathways into United States

Each pathway has its own eligibility, documents, processing time and cost. Tap any pathway to read its full deep-dive guide.

Real-world examples

If this sounds like you…

Indian software engineer with a U.S. employer offer

Three years of experience, MS from a U.S. university. Likely H-1B route via cap-exempt employer or annual lottery, then potential EB-2 or EB-3 sponsorship (long wait due to per-country caps).

H-1B → EB-2 PERM (long wait) or EB-1 if eligible

Nigerian PhD researcher with multiple publications

Strong publication record and citations suggests EB-1A or NIW (EB-2) eligibility with no employer sponsor required.

EB-1A or EB-2 National Interest Waiver

UK family wanting to visit Disney for two weeks

UK citizens qualify for ESTA under the Visa Waiver Program — no B-2 visa required for stays under 90 days.

ESTA (Visa Waiver Program)

FAQ

Frequently asked questions about United States

How long are H-1B backlogs for Indian nationals?

H-1B itself is non-immigrant. For EB-2/EB-3 green cards, Indian-born applicants currently face decade-plus waits due to the 7% per-country cap; EB-1 is shorter but still backlogged.

What is the difference between consular processing and adjustment of status?

Adjustment of status (I-485) is filed inside the U.S. when in valid non-immigrant status. Consular processing (DS-260) is done at a U.S. embassy abroad. Outcome is the same — a green card.

Can I work on an F-1 visa?

Yes — on-campus up to 20 hours/week during the academic year, CPT during studies if curriculum requires it, and OPT for up to 12 months post-graduation (36 months for STEM).

Does the Diversity Visa lottery still exist?

Yes. 55,000 green cards are issued annually to applicants from low-admission countries. Registration is free and runs each autumn.

Can a tourist visa convert to a work visa?

Not directly. You generally need to leave the U.S. and apply for the new visa class at a consulate, or have a status change petition (I-129) approved.

How long until I can apply for U.S. citizenship?

5 years as a permanent resident (3 if married to a U.S. citizen), with continuous residence and physical presence requirements.

What is the H-1B lottery process?

Employers register candidates online in March. USCIS randomly selects enough registrations to fill the 65,000 + 20,000 master's cap. Selected registrations then file the full petition.

Do I need a lawyer for U.S. immigration?

Not legally, but the system's complexity and high refusal stakes mean most successful petitions involve qualified immigration counsel — especially for employment-based green cards and EB-5.

Official government resources

Verify before you apply

Immigration rules change frequently. Always confirm the latest requirements on the official portal.

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